Iindaba

Okwangoku, kukho izixhobo zonyango ezingaphezu kwe-10,000 kwihlabathi liphela. 1 Amazwe kufuneka abeke ukhuseleko lwezigulane kuqala kwaye aqinisekise ukufikelela kwizixhobo zonyango ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenzayo. 2,3 Imakethi yezixhobo zonyango zaseLatin America iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngesantya esibonakalayo sokukhula konyaka. Amazwe aseLatin America naseCaribbean kufuneka angenise ngaphezulu kwe-90% yezixhobo zonyango kuba imveliso yasekuhlaleni kunye nokunikezelwa kwezixhobo zonyango kubiza ngaphantsi kwe-10% yemfuno yazo iyonke.
IArgentina lilizwe lesibini ngobukhulu eLatin America emva kweBrazil. Ngabemi abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-49, lilizwe lesine elinabantu abaninzi kakhulu kulo mmandla4, kwaye lelesithathu ngobukhulu kwezoqoqosho emva kweBrazil neMexico, elinemveliso yesizwe (i-GNP) emalunga ne-US$450 yeebhiliyoni. Ingeniso yonyaka yeArgentina ngomntu ngamnye yi-US$22,140, ​​​​enye yezona ziphezulu eLatin America. 5
Eli nqaku lijolise ekuchazeni amandla enkqubo yezempilo yaseArgentina kunye nenethiwekhi yayo yesibhedlele. Ukongeza, lihlalutya ulungiselelo, imisebenzi, kunye neempawu zolawulo zesakhelo solawulo lwezixhobo zonyango zaseArgentina kunye nolwalamano lwaso neMercado Común del Sur (Mercosur). Okokugqibela, xa sicinga ngeemeko zoqoqosho olukhulu kunye nezentlalo eArgentina, lishwankathela amathuba oshishino kunye nemingeni emelwe yimarike yezixhobo zaseArgentina ngoku.
Inkqubo yezempilo yaseArgentina yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: ekarhulumente, eyokhuseleko loluntu kunye neyabucala. Icandelo likarhulumente liquka amasebe kazwelonke nawephondo, kunye nenethiwekhi yezibhedlele zikarhulumente kunye namaziko ezempilo, abonelela ngeenkonzo zonyango zasimahla kuye nabani na ofuna unyango lwasimahla, ngokuyintloko abantu abangafanelekiyo ukufumana ukhuseleko loluntu kwaye abangenakho ukuhlawula. Ingeniso yezemali ibonelela ngemali kwinkqubo yezempilo yoluntu, kwaye ifumana iintlawulo rhoqo kwinkqubo yezempilo yoluntu ukubonelela ngeenkonzo kumaqela ayo asebenzisana nawo.
Inkqubo yokhuseleko loluntu iyimfuneko, igxile kwi-"obra sociales" (izicwangciso zempilo zeqela, i-OS), ukuqinisekisa nokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokhathalelo lwempilo kubasebenzi nakwiintsapho zabo. Iminikelo evela kubasebenzi nakubaqeshi babo ixhasa uninzi lwee-OS, kwaye isebenza ngezivumelwano nabathengisi babucala.
Inkqubo engaphantsi yabucala ibandakanya iingcali zezempilo kunye namaziko ezempilo anyanga izigulane ezinengeniso ephezulu, abaxhamli be-OS, kunye nabanini be-inshurensi yabucala. Le nkqubo ikwabandakanya neenkampani ze-inshurensi zokuzithandela ezibizwa ngokuba ziinkampani ze-inshurensi “zamayeza ahlawulelwayo kwangaphambili”. Ngeeprimiyamu ze-inshurensi, abantu ngabanye, iintsapho kunye nabaqeshi babonelela ngemali kwiinkampani ze-inshurensi yezonyango ezihlawulelwayo kwangaphambili. Izibhedlele zikarhulumente zase-Argentina ezi-7 zithatha i-51% yenani lilonke lezibhedlele (malunga nama-2,300), zibekwe kwindawo yesihlanu phakathi kwamazwe aseLatin America anezibhedlele zikarhulumente ezininzi. Umlinganiselo weebhedi zesibhedlele yi-5.0 yeebhedi kubantu abayi-1,000, nto leyo ephezulu nangakumbi kunomyinge we-4.7 kumazwe e-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Ukongeza, i-Argentina yenye yezona pesenti ziphezulu zoogqirha emhlabeni, kunye ne-4.2 kubantu abayi-1,000, idlula i-OECD 3.5 kunye nomyinge weJamani (4.0), iSpain kunye ne-United Kingdom (3.0) kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu. 8
I-Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) idwelise i-Argentina National Food, Drug and Medical Technology Administration (ANMAT) njenge-arhente yokulawula enamanqanaba amane, oko kuthetha ukuba inokuthelekiswa ne-US FDA. I-ANMAT inoxanduva lokujonga nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wamayeza, ukutya kunye nezixhobo zonyango. I-ANMAT isebenzisa inkqubo yokwahlulahlula esekelwe kumngcipheko efana naleyo isetyenziswa kwi-European Union naseKhanada ukujonga ukugunyaziswa, ukubhaliswa, ukujonga, ukujonga kunye nemiba yezemali yezixhobo zonyango kuzwelonke. I-ANMAT isebenzisa ukwahlulahlula okusekelwe kumngcipheko, apho izixhobo zonyango zahlulwe zibe ngamacandelo amane ngokusekelwe kwiingozi ezinokubakho: Udidi I-umngcipheko ophantsi; Udidi II-umngcipheko ophakathi; Udidi III-umngcipheko ophezulu; kunye noDidi IV-umngcipheko ophezulu kakhulu. Nawuphi na umenzi wangaphandle onqwenela ukuthengisa izixhobo zonyango eArgentina kufuneka atyumbe ummeli wasekuhlaleni ukuba angenise amaxwebhu afunekayo kwinkqubo yokubhalisa. Ipompo yokungenisa, ipompo yesirinji kunye nepompo yokondla (ipompo yokondla) njengezixhobo zonyango ze-calss IIb, kufuneka zidluliselwe kwi-MDR eNtsha ngo-2024.
Ngokwemigaqo yobhaliso lwezixhobo zonyango esebenzayo, abavelisi kufuneka babe neofisi yasekuhlaleni okanye umsasazi obhalisiweyo kwiSebe lezeMpilo laseArgentina ukuze bathobele iMisebenzi eBalaseleyo yokuVelisa (i-BPM). Kwizixhobo zonyango zeKlasi III nezeKlasi IV, abavelisi kufuneka bangenise iziphumo zovavanyo lweklinikhi ukuze baqinisekise ukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle kwesixhobo. I-ANMAT ineentsuku zokusebenza ezili-110 zokuvavanya uxwebhu kwaye ikhuphe imvume ehambelanayo; kwizixhobo zonyango zeKlasi I nezeKlasi II, i-ANMAT ineentsuku zokusebenza ezili-15 zokuvavanya nokuvuma. Ubhaliso lwesixhobo sezonyango lusebenza iminyaka emihlanu, kwaye umenzi angayihlaziya iintsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi kokuba iphelelwe lixesha. Kukho indlela elula yokubhalisa yokulungisa izatifikethi zobhaliso lwe-ANMAT zeemveliso zeKlasi III nezeKlasi IV, kwaye impendulo inikezelwa kwiintsuku ezili-15 zokusebenza ngokubhengezwa kokuthobela umthetho. Umenzi kufuneka anike nembali epheleleyo yokuthengiswa kwangaphambili kwesixhobo kwamanye amazwe. 10
Ekubeni iArgentina iyinxalenye yeMercado Común del Sur (Mercosur) - indawo yorhwebo equlunqwe yiArgentina, iBrazil, iParaguay kunye neUruguay - zonke izixhobo zonyango ezingenisiweyo zihlawuliswa irhafu ngokuhambelana neMercosur Common External Tariff (CET). Izinga lerhafu liqala kwi-0% ukuya kwi-16%. Kwimeko yezixhobo zonyango ezihlaziyiweyo ezingenisiweyo, izinga lerhafu liqala kwi-0% ukuya kwi-24%. 10
Ubhubhane we-COVID-19 ube nefuthe elikhulu eArgentina. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Ngowama-2020, imveliso yelizwe iyonke yehle nge-9.9%, ukwehla okukhulu kwiminyaka eli-10. Nangona kunjalo, uqoqosho lwasekhaya ngo-2021 luza kubonisa ukungalingani okukhulu kwezoqoqosho: nangona urhulumente elawula amaxabiso, izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngonyaka ngo-2020 liza kuba phezulu ukuya kuma-36%. 6 Nangona izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso liphezulu kunye nokuhla koqoqosho, izibhedlele zaseArgentina zonyuse ukuthengwa kwazo kwezixhobo zonyango ezisisiseko nezikhethekileyo ngo-2020. Ukunyuka kokuthengwa kwezixhobo zonyango ezikhethekileyo ngo-2020 ukusuka ngo-2019 kuku: 17
Kwixesha elifanayo ukusuka ngo-2019 ukuya ku-2020, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo zonyango ezisisiseko kwizibhedlele zaseArgentina kunyukile: 17
Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2019, kuza kubakho ukwanda kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zonyango ezibizayo eArgentina ngo-2020, ingakumbi kunyaka apho iinkqubo zotyando ezifuna ezi zixhobo zarhoxiswa okanye zahlehliswa ngenxa ye-COVID-19. Uqikelelo luka-2023 lubonisa ukuba izinga lokukhula konyaka elihlanganisiweyo (i-CAGR) lezixhobo zonyango zobungcali ezilandelayo liza kunyuka:17
IArgentina lilizwe elinenkqubo yezonyango exubileyo, enababoneleli beenkonzo zonyango zikarhulumente nezabucala abalawulwa ngurhulumente. Imakethi yayo yezixhobo zonyango ibonelela ngamathuba amahle oshishino kuba iArgentina kufuneka ingenise phantse zonke iimveliso zonyango. Nangona ulawulo lwemali olungqongqo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu kunye notyalo-mali oluphantsi lwangaphandle,18 imfuno ephezulu yangoku yezixhobo zonyango ezisisiseko nezikhethekileyo ezingenisiweyo, amaxesha okuvunywa okufanelekileyo olawulo, uqeqesho oluphezulu lwezemfundo lweengcali zezempilo zaseArgentina, kunye nezakhono zesibhedlele ezibalaseleyo zelizwe Oku kwenza iArgentina ibe yindawo enomtsalane yabavelisi bezixhobo zonyango abanqwenela ukwandisa indawo yabo eLatin America.
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UJulio G. Martinez-Clark ngumseki kunye ne-CEO ye-bioaccess, inkampani yokubonisana ngokufikelela kwimarike esebenza neenkampani zezixhobo zonyango ukubanceda benze uvavanyo lweklinikhi olunokwenzeka kwangethuba kwaye bathengise izinto ezintsha eLatin America. UJulio ukwangumsasazi we-podcast ye-LATAM Medtech Leaders: iincoko zeveki nganye neenkokheli zeMedtech eziphumeleleyo eLatin America. Ulilungu lebhodi yeengcebiso yenkqubo ephambili yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ekhokelela kwiYunivesithi yaseStetson. Unesidanga se-bachelor kwi-electronic engineering kunye nesidanga se-master kwi-business administration.