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Imiyalelo emithathu yokufunyanwa kweziganeko ezingalunganga zesixhobo sezonyango

Idathabheyisi, igama lemveliso kunye negama lomenzi zezona ndlela zintathu ziphambili zokujonga iziganeko ezingalunganga zezixhobo zonyango.

Ukufunyanwa kweziganeko ezimbi zezixhobo zonyango kunokwenziwa kwicala ledatha, kwaye iidatha ezahlukeneyo zineempawu zazo. Umzekelo, incwadana yolwazi lweziganeko ezimbi zezixhobo zonyango yaseTshayina ikwazisa rhoqo ngeziganeko ezimbi zohlobo oluthile lweemveliso, ngelixa iziganeko ezimbi zezixhobo zonyango ezidweliswe kwincwadana yesilumkiso sezixhobo zonyango zivela ikakhulu eMelika, eUnited Kingdom, eOstreliya naseKhanada. Idatha yesilumkiso okanye yokukhumbula izixhobo zonyango yasekhaya nommandla ayilodatha exeliweyo yasekhaya; idatabase yeMAUDE yaseUnited States yidatha epheleleyo, lo gama nje iziganeko ezimbi zezixhobo zonyango ezixeliweyo ngokwemigaqo ye-FDA yase-United States ziya kufakwa kwidathabheyisi; iinkcukacha ezinxulumene neziganeko ezimbi zezixhobo zonyango / ukukhunjulwa / ulwazi lwesilumkiso lwamazwe kunye nemimandla efana ne-United Kingdom, Canada, Australia kunye neJamani ziya kuhlaziywa rhoqo. Ukubuyisa iziganeko ezimbi zezixhobo zonyango kwicala ledathabheyisi, inokuhlolwa ngokwegama elingundoqo, kwaye inokufunyanwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokukhawulela ixesha okanye indawo yegama elingundoqo.

Ukuze wenze ukubuyiswa kweziganeko ezingalunganga zesixhobo sezonyango kwicala legama lemveliso, ungafaka igama lemveliso yesixhobo sezonyango elilindelweyo kwiphepha lokubuyiswa kwedatha ukuze uyifumane, kwaye ngokubanzi akufuneki ufake igama lemveliso elithile kakhulu.

Xa ukhangela ngokwegama leshishini lezixhobo zonyango, ukuba ishishini lishishini elixhaswa ngemali lilizwe langaphandle, kuyimfuneko ukuqaphela indlela elahlukileyo elimele ngayo igama leshishini, njengetyala, isifinyezo, njl.

Uhlalutyo lokufunyanwa kweziganeko ezimbi kwiimeko ezithile

Okuqulethwe yingxelo yophando lokujonga iziganeko ezingalunganga zezixhobo zonyango kunokubandakanya kodwa kungaphelelanga apho kujongwa khona isishwankathelo esifutshane senjongo yokujonga kunye nesicwangciso sokujonga iziganeko ezingalunganga zezixhobo zonyango; imithombo yedatha yokujonga; uluhlu lwexesha lokufunyanwa kweziganeko ezingalunganga; inani leziganeko ezingalunganga; umthombo weengxelo; izizathu zeziganeko ezingalunganga; iziphumo zeziganeko ezingalunganga; umlinganiselo weziganeko ezahlukeneyo ezingalunganga; amanyathelo athatyathiweyo kwiziganeko ezingalunganga; kunye; Idatha yokujonga kunye nenkqubo yokujonga inokubonelela ngempembelelo yophononongo lobuchwephesha, ukujonga iimveliso emva kokuthengisa, okanye ulawulo lomngcipheko wamashishini avelisa izinto.

Ngenxa yobuninzi bedatha, ulwazi oluyi-219 lufunyenwe ngokukhawulela "ikhowudi yemveliso" kuJuni ka-2019. Emva kokucima ulwazi oluyi-19 olungengolweziganeko ezimbi, ulwazi oluyi-200 oluseleyo lufakiwe kuhlalutyo. Ulwazi olukwidathabheyisi lukhutshwa nganye nganye, kusetyenziswa isoftware yeMicrosoft Excel eqokelelweyo idatha evela kumthombo wengxelo, ulwazi olunxulumene nesixhobo sezonyango (kuquka igama lomenzi, igama lemveliso, uhlobo lwesixhobo sezonyango, iingxaki zesixhobo sezonyango), ixesha lokuvela kweziganeko ezimbi, ixesha apho i-FDA ifumene iziganeko ezimbi, uhlobo lweziganeko ezimbi, izizathu zeziganeko ezimbi, kwaye emva koko yahlalutya indawo yeziganeko ezimbi. Izizathu eziphambili zeziganeko ezimbi zishwankathelwe, kwaye amanyathelo okuphucula abekwe phambili kwiinkalo zokusebenza, uyilo lweprosthesis kunye nonyango emva kotyando. Inkqubo yohlalutyo engentla kunye nomxholo unokusetyenziswa njengesalathiso sohlalutyo lweziganeko ezifanayo ezimbi zesixhobo sezonyango.

Uhlalutyo lweziganeko ezimbi ukuphucula inqanaba lolawulo lomngcipheko

Isishwankathelo kunye nohlalutyo lweziganeko ezimbi zezixhobo zonyango lunentsingiselo ethile ebhekiselele kumasebe olawulo lwezixhobo zonyango, amashishini emveliso kunye nokusebenza kunye nabasebenzisi ukuba benze ulawulo lomngcipheko. Kwisebe lolawulo, ukwenziwa nokuhlaziywa kwemigaqo yezixhobo zonyango, imithetho kunye namaxwebhu amiselweyo kunokwenziwa kunye neziphumo zohlalutyo lweziganeko ezimbi, ukuze ulawulo lomngcipheko kunye nolawulo lwezixhobo zonyango lube nemithetho kunye nemigaqo ekufuneka ilandelwe. Qinisa ulawulo emva kokuthengisa izixhobo zonyango, ukuqokelela kunye nokushwankathela iziganeko ezimbi, ulumkise kwaye ukhumbule ulwazi lwezixhobo zonyango rhoqo, kwaye ukhuphe isaziso ngexesha. Kwangaxeshanye, yomeleza ulawulo lwabavelisi bezixhobo zonyango, yenza inkqubo yabo yemveliso ibe semgangathweni, kwaye unciphise ngokufanelekileyo amathuba eziganeko ezimbi ezivela kumthombo. Ukongeza, kufuneka siqhubeke nokukhuthaza uphando lwesayensi malunga nolawulo lwezixhobo zonyango kwaye sakhe inkqubo yovavanyo esekelwe kulawulo lomngcipheko oluchanekileyo.

Amaziko ezonyango kufuneka aqinise uqeqesho kunye nolawulo, ukuze oogqirha bakwazi ukuqonda iimfuno ezisemgangathweni zokusebenza kunye nezakhono zokusebenza kwezixhobo, kwaye banciphise amathuba okuba kubekho iziganeko ezimbi. Ukuqinisa ngakumbi indibaniselwano yezonyango kunye nobunjineli, kunye nokubongoza oogqirha ukuba banxibelelane neenjineli zoyilo lwezixhobo zonyango ngeengxaki ezifumaneka ekusetyenzisweni kwezonyango kwezixhobo zonyango, ukuze oogqirha babe nokuqonda okubanzi ngakumbi ngezixhobo zonyango ezisetyenziswayo, kwaye bancede iinjineli zoyilo lwezixhobo zonyango ukuba ziyile ngcono okanye ziphucule izixhobo zonyango. Ukongeza, kufuneka kuqiniswe isikhokelo sokuvuselelwa kwezonyango ukuze kukhunjuzwe izigulana ngamanqaku aphambili okuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwangaphambi kwexesha kwezixhobo ezifakelweyo ngenxa yemisebenzi yangaphambi kwexesha okanye utyando olungafanelekanga. Kwangaxeshanye, oogqirha kufuneka baphucule ulwazi lwabo ngeziganeko ezimbi zezixhobo zonyango, baphephe umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zonyango, kwaye baqokelele kwaye baxele ngeziganeko ezimbi zezixhobo zonyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo.