Iindaba

IMBALI NOKUVELA KWE-ANESTHESIA EYIMTHAZO

Ukulawulwa ngomthambo wamachiza kwaqala ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe xa uChristopher Wren wafaka i-opium enjeni esebenzisa irhanisi kunye nesinyi sehagu yaze inja yaba 'sisiphukuphuku'. Ngeminyaka yee-1930 i-hexobarbital kunye ne-pentothal zaziswa kwiklinikhi yokusebenza.

Kwakukwi-1960s Pharmacokinetic ukuba iimodeli kunye nee-equations ze-IV infusions zenziwa kwaye kwi-1980s, iinkqubo ze-IV ezilawulwa yikhompyutha zaziswa. Ngo-1996 inkqubo yokuqala ekujoliswe kuyo elawulwayo ('Diprufusor') yaziswa.

INGCACISO

A Ithagethi elawulwayo yokufakwalufakelo olulawulwa ngendlela yokuzama ukufikelela kumsebenzisi ochaziweyo kugxininiso lwechiza kwindawo yomzimba yomdla okanye kwithishu enomdla. Lo mbono waqala wacetyiswa nguKruger Thiemer ngo-1968.

I-PHARMACOKINETITS

Umthamo wosasazo.

Lo ngumthamo obonakalayo apho iyeza lihanjiswa khona. Ibalwa ngefomula: i-Vd = idosi / ukugxilwa kweziyobisi. Ixabiso layo lixhomekeke ekubeni libalwe ngexesha le-zero - emva kwe-bolus (Vc) okanye kwindawo ezinzileyo emva kokungena (Vss).

Ukucoca.

Ukucoca kubonisa umthamo we-plasma (Vp) apho iyeza licinywa kwiyunithi nganye ukuba iphendule ukukhutshwa kwayo emzimbeni. Ukucoca = Ukupheliswa X Vp.

Njengoko ukukhutshwa kwandisa isiqingatha sobomi kunciphisa, kwaye njengoko umthamo wokusabalalisa ukhula kunjalo nesiqingatha sobomi. Ukucocwa kusenokusetyenziswa ukuchaza ukuba iyeza lihamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na phakathi kwamagumbi. Ichiza liqale lisasazwe kwindawo ephakathi phambi kokuba lisasazwe kumacandelo eperipheral. Ukuba umthamo wokuqala wokusabalalisa (Vc) kunye nogxininiso olufunwayo lwesiphumo sonyango (Cp) luyaziwa, kunokwenzeka ukubala umthamo wokulayisha ukufezekisa loo ngqwalasela:

Ukulayisha umthamo = Cp x Vc

Ingasetyenziselwa ukubala umthamo we-bolus ofunekayo ukunyusa ngokukhawuleza ugxininiso ngexesha lokunyuswa okuqhubekayo: I-Bolus dose = (I-Cnew - Cactual) X Vc. Ireyithi yokunyuswa ukugcina imeko ezinzileyo = Cp X Clearance.

Iirejimeni zokufakwa ezilula aziphumeleli ukugxilwa kwe-plasma yesimo esizinzileyo kude kube yiziphindaphindo ezintlanu zobomi besiqingatha sokuphelisa. Ugxininiso olufunwayo lunokufezekiswa ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-bolus dose ilandelwa yi-infusion rate.